Thromboxane

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Thromboxane
Identifiers
CAS number [57576-52-0]
PubChem 5280497
MeSH Thromboxanes
Properties
Molecular formula C20H32O5
Molar mass 352.465 g/mol
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. It is produced in platelets by thromboxane-A synthase from the endoperoxides produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme from arachidonic acid.

Enzymes and substrates associated with thromoboxane and prostacyclin synthesis.
Enzymes and substrates associated with thromoboxane and prostacyclin synthesis.

Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor and a potent hypertensive agent, and it facilitates platelet aggregation. It is in homeostatic balance in the circulatory system with prostacyclin, a related compound. The widely used drug aspirin acts by inhibiting the ability of the COX enzyme to synthesize the precursors of thromboxane within platelets.

Thromboxane is named for its role in clot formation (thrombosis).

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), produced by activated platelets, has prothrombotic properties, stimulating activiation of new platelets as well as increasing platelet aggregation.

Platelet aggregation is achieved by mediating expression of the glycoprotein complex GP IIb/IIIa in the cell membrane of platelets. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot.

It is believed that the vasoconstriction caused by thromboxanes plays a role in Prinzmetal's angina.

The production of thromboxanes can be suppressed by acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) which inhibits the COX enzyme both non-competitively and irriversibly. The side effect of this is that people who regularly take aspirin will suffer from excessive bleeding whenever the skin is perforated.

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