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This box: view • talk • edit History of Germany
Ancient times
Germanic peoples
Migration Period
Frankish Empire
Medieval times
Holy Roman Empire
East Colonisation
Building a nation
Confederation of the Rhine
German Confederation
North German Confederation
Imperial Germany
German Empire
Germany during World War I
Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
World War II
Post-war Germany
Since 1945
Occupation and Division
Expulsion
East Germany
West Germany
German reunification
Present day Germany
Modern Germany
Topical
Military history of Germany
Territorial changes of Germany
Timeline of German history
History of the German language
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This is a timeline of German history. To read about the background to these events, see History of Germany. See also List of German monarchs, Lists of office-holders and List of years in Germany.

This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.

Contents 1 1000 BC–1 BC 2 1 AD–800 AD 3 800–1000 4 1000–1500 5 1800s 6 1900s 7 Since 2000 8 See also

• 1000 BC - 500 BC, the Germanic tribes appear in northern Germany, see the Nordic Bronze Age and the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
• 600 - 300 BC (approximately) East Germanic tribes move from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers
• 113 BC - 439 AD Germanic Wars between Germanic tribes and the Romans
• 109 BC Confederation of the Cimbri, Teutoni and Helvetii formed
• 57 BC Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars; Caesar invades region which becomes Germania Inferior
• 53 BC Eburones, Nervii, Menapii and Morinii tribes revolt but are put down by Caesar.
• 50 BC (approximately) Ingvaeones become Frisians, Saxons, Jutes and Angles by about now
• 8 BC Marcomanni and Quadi drive the Boii out of Bohemia
• 10 BC (approximately) differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes (Alamanni, Hermunduri, Marcomanni, Quadi, Suebi) in area formerly occupied by Irminones
• 8 BC Confederation of Marcomanni, Lugier, Semnones, Lombards and others

• 9 AD Battle of the Teutoburg Forest establishes the boundary between Romans and Germanic peoples.
  • Upper Germanic Limes begun
• 16 AD Battle of the Weser River (Battle of Minden) between Romans (Germanicus) and Arminius, chief of the Cherusci
• 68 Year of the four emperors
• 69 Batavian rebellion of the Batavians led by Civilis against the Roman Empire
• 90 Germania Superior and Germania Inferior established as Imperial Roman provinces (Germania)
• 268 Battle of Lake Benacus between the Alamanni and Claudius II
  • Battle of Naissus between the Goths and Gallienus
• 300 - 900 (approximately) Völkerwanderung
• 496 Battle of Tolbiac between the Franks and the Alamanni
• 530 Pope Boniface II consecrated
• 5th - 9th century High German consonant shift distinguishes High German languages from other West Germanic languages
• 715 Saint Boniface begins his work as a missionary

• 800 Charlemagne crowned Imperator Romanorum (Emperor of the Romans); Holy Roman Empire formed
• 804 Saxons finally conquered by Charlemagne
• 843 Treaty of Verdun
• 870 Treaty of Mersen divides the Carolingian Empire
• 955 Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Hungarians at Battle of Lechfeld
• 996 Pope Gregory V consecrated

• 11th - 13th centuries Crusades
• 1046 Pope Clement II consecrated
• 1048 Pope Damasus II consecrated
• 1049 Pope Leo IX consecrated
• 1055 Pope Victor II consecrated
• 1057 Pope Stephen IX consecrated
• 1075 start of Investiture Controversy
• 1096 German Crusade, 1096
• 1098 Hildegard of Bingen born
• 12th - 14th centuries Minnesänger singers
• 1122 Concordat of Worms
• 1147 - sixteenth century Northern Crusades (Baltic Crusades) against people of North Eastern Europe around the Baltic Sea
• 1190 Teutonic Knights formed after Third Crusade
• 1190 or 1200 Nibelungenlied written
• 1214 Battle of Bouvines
• 14th to 16th centuries Meistersinger lyric poets
• 1356 Golden Bull of 1356
  

  

  Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach the Elder
  • Hanseatic League officially founded
• 1370 Treaty of Stralsund ends war between Hanseatic League and the Danes
• 1392 Victual Brothers hired by the Dukes of Mecklenburg to fight against Denmark
• 1410 Battle of Grunwald
• 1455 Gutenberg Bible first printed by Johann Gutenberg
• 1471 Albrecht Dürer born
• 1495 Imperial Reform; Reichskammergericht formed
• 1517 Martin Luther's 95 Theses
• 1521 Diet of Worms addresses Martin Luther and the effects on the Protestant Reformation
• 1522 Pope Adrian VI consecrated
• 1524 - 1526 Peasants' War
• 1555 Peace of Augsburg

• 1803 Napoleon imposes the Convention of Artlenburg
  • All of the Imperial Free Cities but six eliminated
  • All ecclesiastic land holdings in Germany abolished
    

    

    Battle of the Nations monument, Leipzig
• 1804 - 1815 Napoleonic Wars
• Austria joins the Third Coalition
• 1806 Collapse of Holy Roman Empire
  • Confederation of the Rhine formed
  • Prussia joins the Fourth Coalition
• 1807 Peace of Tilsit
• 1812 Brothers Grimm publish first collection of fairy tales
• 1812 - 1814 Sixth Coalition includes German states
• 1813 Wilhelm Richard Wagner born
  • Battle of the Nations at Leipzig: Napoleon defeated
• 1815 Congress of Vienna
  • German Confederation formed
• 1818 Karl Marx born
• 1832 Wilhelm Busch born
• 1834 Zollverein formed
• 1840 First kindergarten opened by Froebel
• 1844 Friedrich Nietzsche born
• 1848 - 1849 TheRevolutions of 1848 in the German states
  

  

  Cheering revolutionaries, March 1848 in Berlin
• 1848 Frankfurt Parliament convenes
• 1850 Dreiklassenwahlrecht introduced in Prussia
• 1856 Neanderthal remains found at the Neander valley
• 1858 Max Planck born
• 1863 Social Democratic Party of Germany formed
• 1866 Austro-Prussian War; Battle of Königgrätz
• 1867 North German Confederation formed after collapse of German Confederation
• 1870 Franco-Prussian War
• 1871 German Empire proclaimed from North German Confederation.
• 1875 Thomas Mann born
• 1879 Albert Einstein born
• 1886 automobiles with gasoline-powered internal combustion engines produced independently by Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler
• 1888 Year of Three Emperors
• 1892 Rudolf Diesel invents Diesel engine

• 1900 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch comes into effect
• 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
  • 1914 - 1918 World War I
    Image:Brandenburger Tor Nazis Postcard.jpg

    The Brandenburg Gate decked in Nazi flags
• 1918 End of Dreiklassenwahlrecht; universal suffrage introduced (women get the vote for the first time)
• 1919 Treaty of Versailles
  • 1919–1933 Weimar Republic
• 1920 Kapp Putsch
• 1923 Munich Putsch
• 1923 Ruhr Crisis
• 1923 Hyper-inflation
• 1923 Gustav Stresemann becomes Chancellor and introduces Rentenmark
• 1923 Dawes Plan
• 1923 Young Plan
• 1925 - Joins the League of Nations
• 1933 Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany; Gleichschaltung
  • 1933 - 1945 Nazi Germany (Third Reich)
• 1939 - 1945 World War II (see also Timeline of World War II)
  • Causes of World War II
  • Events preceding World War II in Europe
  • European Theatre of World War II
  • The Holocaust
  • End of World War II in Europe
  • German exodus from Eastern Europe
    

    

    100-DM note
  • History of Germany since 1945
  • Red Army atrocities (WWII) Include the rape of up to 2,000,000 girls and women, affecting GDR society for many decades.
• 1941 Konrad Zuse builds the first computer, Z3
• 1945 Potsdam Conference
• 1946 First of the The industrial plans for Germany is signed
• 1946 U.S. Restatement of Policy on Germany
• 1946 Party of Democratic Socialism formed
• 1947 U.S. occupation directive JCS 1067 is rescinded.
• 1948 Deutsche Mark introduced
  • Free Democratic Party formed
  • 1948 - 1949 Berlin Blockade
• 1949 German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany formed (see History of East Germany, Constitution of the German Democratic Republic and Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany)
  • Christian Democratic Union of Germany founded
  • Konrad Adenauer becomes first post-war Chancellor of Germany
• 1949 Last of the The industrial plans for Germany is signed.
• 1950s Wirtschaftswunder
• 1952 Inner German border is fortified, except around Berlin
• 1953 Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
  

  

  The Berlin Wall
• 1954 West Germany wins Football World Cup - The Miracle of Bern
• 1955 Federal Republic joins NATO; GDR joins Warsaw Pact
• 1958 - West Germany becomes 1 of the 6 founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community, later known as the European Union
• 1961 Berlin Wall is built
• 1964 National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) formed
• 1967 - 1968 German student movement
• 1970 Voting age lowered from 21 to 18
• 1970s - 1998 Red Army Faction operates
• 1972 West Germany hosts the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Palestinian terrorists cause Munich Massacre
• 1973 East and West Germany join United Nations
• 1974 West Germany hosts and wins Football World Cup
• 1987 First ever official visit by Erich Honecker to the Federal Republic of Germany
• 1989 Monday demonstrations in Leipzig
  • Berlin Wall falls
• 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany, Germany wins Football World Cup
  • German reunification
• 1991 Berlin named new capital
• 1993 Alliance '90/The Greens merge
  • Germany signs Maastricht Treaty leading to the creation of the European Union
• 1994 Federal Constitutional Court says Bundeswehr can take part in UN peacekeeping outside NATO territory
• 1999 The NATO war on Yugoslavia is the first non-defensive war the Bundeswehr actively takes part in

• 2000 Hanover hosts Expo 2000
• 2001 Women join Bundeswehr for the first time
• 2002 Euro notes and coins introduced and replace Deutsche Mark as everyday currency
• 2005 Pope Benedict XVI consecrated
• 2005 Angela Merkel elected as the chancellor, marking the first woman chancellor of the government.
• 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany; Italy wins

• List of German presidents since 1919 for a list of presidents of the German Reich, heads of state of the German Democratic Republic and presidents of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949-present)
• Chancellor of Germany for a list of chancellors since 1871.