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Tomislav II of Croatia, 4th Duke of Aosta
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Tomislav II | |
|---|---|
| King of Croatia | |
 |
|
| Reign | May 18, 1941 - July 31, 1943 |
| Born | March 9, 1900 |
 Turin, Italy |
|
| Died | January 29, 1948 (aged 47) |
 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
|
| Buried | Basilica di Superga[1] |
| Consort | Irene of Greece and Denmark |
| Issue | Amedeo |
| Royal House | House of Savoy |
| Father | Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta |
| Mother | Princess Hélène of Orléans |
Prince Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino of Savoy (9 March 1900 - 29 January 1948), later King Tomislav II of Croatia and the 4th Duke of Aosta was a member of House of Savoy.
Contents |
Aimone d'Aosta was born in Turin. He was the second son of Prince Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta (son of Amadeus I of Spain and Princess Maria Vittoria) and Princess Hélène (daughter of Prince Philippe of Orléans and the Infanta Maria Isabel of Spain). His great grandfather was King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, making him a member of the House of Savoy.
On 22 September 1904 he was given the title Duke of Spoleto for life.[2]
In 1929, twenty years after his uncle the Duke of the Abruzzi had attempted to climb K2 in Karakorum, Prince Aimone lead an expedition to Karakorum. A member of the expedition was Ardito Desio. Due to the failure to climb K2 twenty years earlier, Prince Aimone's expedition concentrated solely on scientific work.[3][4]
After being linked with Infanta Beatriz of Spain the daughter of King Alfonso XIII,[5] he married on July 1, 1939 in Florence, Princess Irene of Greece the daughter of King Constantine I and Princess Sophie of Prussia. They had a son, Prince Amedeo, on 27 September 1943.[6]
On 18 May 1941 a ceremony took place at the Quirinal Palace were Ante Pavelić who led a delegation of Croats asked King Victor Emmanuel III to name a member of the House of Savoy, King of Croatia. Aimone was then officially named King by his cousin Victor Emmanuel III.[7] The Independent State of Croatia as it was officially known covered most of present day states of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. On assuming the Crown of Zvonimir he took the regnal name Tomislav II in memory of Tomislav I the first Croatian king.[8] Originally on learning that he had been named King of Croatia he told close colleagues that he thought his nomination was a bad joke by his cousin King Victor Emmanuel III.[9]
He was due to be crowned in Duvansko Polje, Bosnia but he refused to go to Croatia due to the "Dalmatian question" which arouse due to Italy taking some of Dalmatia's coastal territory. Aimone felt that Dalmatia "was a land that could never be Italianized" and was an obstacle to Italian-Croatian reconciliation.[10] He never held any real authority throughout his reign as the Ustaše government had deprived the monarchy of most powers and reduced the status of the king to that of a figurehead.[9] In spite of this he did hove some symbolic powers such as the ability to grant noble titles.[11]
Following the Italian withdrawal from the war he abdicated on July 31, 1943.[8][12] His full title as King was "King of Croatia, Prince of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Voivode of Dalmatia, Tuzla and Temun, Duke of Aosta (from 1942), Prince of Cisterna and of Belriguardo, Marquess of Voghera, and Count of Ponderano."
Prince Aimone became 4th Duke of Aosta on 3 March 1942, following the death of his elder brother Prince Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta, in a British Prisoner of War camp in Tanganyika.
In the late months of World War II he become the commander of the Italian Naval Base of Taranto but he was sacked from his post for his criticism to the judges that had declared guilty General Mario Roatta.[13]
During his naval career he reached the rank of Ammiraglio di Squadra.
He died in Buenos Aires in 1948.
- ^ Savoy-Aosta
- ^ The Peerage
- ^ K2 - The Savage Mountain
- ^ K2 2004 - 50 years later
- ^ "Milestones", Time Magazine, Apr. 21, 1930, <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,739128,00.html>
- ^ Online Gotha
- ^ Packard, Reynolds (2005). Balcony Empire: Fascist Italy at War. Kessinger Publishing, 190. ISBN 1417985283.
- ^ a b Worldstatesmen
- ^ a b Petacco, Arrigo (2005). A Tragedy Revealed: The Story of the Italian Population of Istria, Dalmatia, and Venezia Giulia. University of Toronto Press, 26, 27. ISBN 0802039219.
- ^ Rodogno, Davide (2006). Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War. Cambridge University Press, 95. ISBN 0521845157.
- ^ Balkan royalty
- ^ "Hotel Balkania", Time Magazine, August 9, 1943, <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,766956,00.html>
- ^ "A Duke Departs", Time Magazine, April 23 1945, <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,855148,00.html>
|
Tomislav II of Croatia, 4th Duke of Aosta
Born: 9 March 1900 Died: 29 January 1948 |
||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vacant
Title last held by
Charles I of Austria |
King of Croatia 18 May 1941–31 July 1943 |
Relinquished title |
| Italian nobility | ||
| Preceded by Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta |
Duke of Aosta 3 March 1942–29 January 1948 |
Succeeded by Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta |
