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Touriga Nacional
Touriga leaf
Species:	Vitis vinifera
Also called:	Mortágua, Touriga (more)
Origin:	Portugal
Notable regions:	Douro, Dão
Notable wines:	Port

Touriga Nacional is a variety of red wine grape, considered by many to be Portugal's finest. Despite the notoriously low yields from its small grapes, it plays a big part in the blends used for the best ports, and is increasingly being used for table wine in the Douro and Dão.

Touriga Nacional provides structure and body to wine, with high tannins and concentrated flavours of black fruit. Jancis Robinson has compared its relationship with Touriga Francesa to the partnership between Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, the former providing structure, the latter filling out the bouquet.^[1]

Contents 1 History 2 Distribution and Wines 2.1 Australia 2.2 Portugal 2.3 USA 3 Vine and Viticulture 4 Synonyms 5 See also 6 Notes and references 7 Further reading 8 External links

Not much is known about the origins of Portuguese grapes, but they were probably brought by the Phoenicians. Touriga Nacional is probably related to Touriga Francesa, and RAPD analysis has suggested links to Moscatel Galego and the Tinta Negra Mole of Madeira.

From its home in Northern Portugal, Touriga Nacional has since been planted in the New World by producers of New World 'ports' seeking to produce a wine more like the original.

Touriga Fina, Touriga Foiufeira, and Touriga Macho refer to particular clones.

There have been experiments with the port grapes in Australia.

In the late 1990s there were 2,760 hectares of Touriga Nacional in Portugal. Its poor yields mean that it represents a tiny part of the wine production in the Douro, but it plays a major part in the blends of the best ports.

The variety is increasingly being used for unfortified red wine in the Douro and in the Dão. In the latter, it is known simply as Touriga, and it must comprise at least 20% of Dão blends.^{[citation needed]}

Traditionally a lot of US wine was fortified, and many of the producers of such 'port' have experimented with using Portuguese grapes as a way to improve their product. 553 tons of Touriga were crushed in 2006, up 26% on the previous year.^[2]

The vine is very vigorous, and good results depend on keeping it in check. In the Douro it is grown in searing heat in steep schisty vineyards that are more rock than soil. The alternative name of Mortágua pays tribute to these harsh conditions. It is usually trained under one of the Guyot systems, and needs severe pruning to keep it under control.

In contrast, the vine produces just a few bunches of blue-black grapes which vary in size from 'small' to 'tiny'. Thus yields are among the lowest of any commercial grape variety - Touriga Nacional is all about quality, not quantity.

Bical Tinto, Mortágua, Mortágua Preto, Preto Mortágua, Touriga, Touriga Fina, Tourigao, Tourigo Antigo, Tourigo do Dão and Turiga.^[3]

• Port wine
• pt:Touriga Nacional

• Robinson, Jancis Vines, Grapes & Wines Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN 1857329996

• Instituto dos Vinho do Douro e Porto

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