Trinity Church, Boston

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Trinity Church
(U.S. National Historic Landmark)
Trinity Church in the City of Boston.
Location:	Boston, Massachusetts
Coordinates:	42°21′7.14″N, 71°4′28.49″W
Built/Founded:	1873
Architect:	Henry Hobson Richardson
Architectural style(s):	Richardsonian Romanesque
Added to NRHP:	July 01, 1970
Reference #:	70000733 ^[1]
Governing body:	Private

Trinity Church reflected in the windows of the John Hancock Tower.

For other churches with this name, please see Trinity Church (disambiguation)

Trinity Church in the City of Boston, located in the Back Bay of Boston, Massachusetts, is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. The congregation, currently standing at approximately 3,000 households, was originally founded in 1733. The current rector is The Reverend Anne Bonnyman. Four services are offered each Sunday, and weekday services are offered three times a week from September through June.

In addition to worship, the parish is actively involved in service to the community, pastoral care, programs for children and teenagers, and Christian education for all ages.

The church is home to several high-level choirs, including the Trinity Choir, Trinity Schola, Trinity Choristers, and Trinity Chamber Choir.

The current church complex was erected after its former site burned in the Great Boston Fire of 1872, under the direction of Rector Phillips Brooks (1835-1893), one of the best-known and most charismatic preachers of his time. The church and parish house were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson and construction took place from 1872 to 1877, when the complex was consecrated. Situated on Copley Square in Back Bay, Trinity Church is the building that established Richardson's reputation. It is the birthplace and archetype of the Richardsonian Romanesque style, characterized by a clay roof, polychromy, rough stone, heavy arches, and a massive tower. This style was soon adopted for a number of public buildings across the United States, and was the first American architectural style imitated in Europe and Canada.

1 Worship
2 Music
3 Service to the Community at Home and Abroad
4 Art and Architecture
5 Noted artists represented in Trinity Church
6 Gallery
7 External links

Trinity Church offers four services on Sundays, including a now rarely-heard modified version of Rite I Morning Prayer including a sermon and extra anthem. Weekday services include Holy Eucharist and Thursday Evensong.

Each December, the choirs of Trinity offer three iterations of a service of Candlelight Carols. These are a "Boston tradition", and very popular events, drawing nearly 5,000 attendees from as far away as Maine. A traditional scene in Copley Square in December is that of a long line of people, waiting to enter the church for the free event. The service is based on the Nine Lessons and Carols model developed at King's College, Cambridge.

Trinity has played host to many special services over the years, due mainly to its central location in Boston, large seating capacity, and reputation as a parish willing to open its doors and be "Boston's church". These services have included interfaith (Christian, Jewish, Muslim) services immediately following the 9/11 attacks, a similar service following the July 2005 London bombings, and many prominent funerals, consecrations of bishops, and the like.

Sunday services include (all Rite II, unless noted):

7:45 a.m. - Holy Eucharist
9:00 a.m. - Holy Eucharist
11:15 a.m.* - Holy Eucharist - first Sunday of month
11:15 a.m.* - Morning Prayer (with Sermon) - modified Rite I - every Sunday except first of month
6:00 p.m. - Holy Eucharist

Note that services with an asterisk move to 11:00 a.m. during summer months.

Weekday services include:

Tuesdays, 6:00 p.m. - Holy Eucharist
Wednesdays, 12:10 p.m. - Holy Eucharist with Laying on of Hands
Thursdays, 6:00 pm - Holy Eucharist or 6:30 pm - Evensong

In addition to their primary function of supporting worship, the choirs of Trinity Church are fixtures in the rich musical landscape of Boston. The Trinity Choir has toured extensively, and can be heard on several critically-acclaimed recordings. The Trinity Choristers are a group of children who learn music and sing in the tradition of the Royal School of Church Music.

The parish supports many forms of community outreach and social justice ministry. These include partnerships with Rosie's Place, the Greater Boston Interfaith Organization, Pine Street Inn, Habitat for Humanity, Community Servings, the Walk for Hunger, the Rodman Ride for Kids, and others.

Twice a year, volunteers from the church form a medical/humanitarian mission to Rincón, Honduras.

The building's plan is a modified Greek Cross with four arms extending outwards from the central tower, which stands 64 m (211 ft) tall. The church is situated in Copley Square, in the shadow of the John Hancock Tower. Having been built in Boston's Back Bay, which was originally a mud flat, Trinity rests on some 4500 wooden piles, each driven through 30 feet of gravel fill, silt, and clay, and constantly wetted by the water table of the Back Bay so they do not rot if exposed to air.

"David's Charge to Solomon" (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris, in Trinity Church.

Its interior murals, which cover over 21,500 square feet (about 2000 square meters) were completed entirely by American artists. Richardson and Brooks decided that a richly colored interior was essential and turned to John La Farge (1835-1910) for help. La Farge had never performed a commission on this scale, but realized its importance and asked only for his costs to be covered. The results established La Farge's reputation.

The church's windows were originally clear glass at consecration in 1877, with one exception, but soon major windows were added. Four windows were designed by Edward Burne-Jones and executed by William Morris. Another four windows were exceptional commissions by John La Farge, and revolutionized window glass with their layering of opalescent glass.

Trinity Church is the only church in the United States and the only building in Boston that has been honored as one of the "Ten Most Significant Buildings in the United States" by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1885, architects voted Trinity Church as the most important building in the U.S.; Trinity Church is the only building from the original 1885 list still included in the AIA's current top ten list. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 30, 1970.

Additional sculpture includes works by Daniel Chester French and Augustus Saint-Gaudens.

The altar.	Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris' Nativity windows (1882).	Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris' The Worship of the Magi window (1882).	Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris' The Worship of the Shepherds window (1882).
Detail from Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris' The Worship of the Shepherds window (1882).