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The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues.

The organization's goals are to "maximize the trade, investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis." (from official website). The creation of the conference was based on concerns of developing countries over the international market, multi-national corporations, and great disparity between developed nations and developing nations.

In the 1970s and 1980s UNCTAD was closely associated with the idea of a New International Economic Order (NIEO).

Currently, UNCTAD has 191 member States and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. UNCTAD has 400 staff members and an annual regular budget of approximately US$50 million and US$25 million of extrabudgetary technical assistance funds.

The inter-governmental work is done at 4 levels of meetings [1]:

• The UNCTAD Conference - held every 4 years;
  • UNCTAD XII will be held in Accra, Ghana in 21-25 April 2008 [2]
  • UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 13-18 June 2004 [3]
  • UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok, Thailand in 12-19 February 2000 [4]
  • UNCTAD IX was held in Midrand, South Africa in 27 April – 11 May 1996
  • UNCTAD VIII was held in Cartagena, Colombia in 8-25 February 1992

• The UNCTAD Trade and Development Board - the Board manages the work of UNCTAD in between two Conferences and meets up to three times every year;
• Four UNCTAD Commissions and one Working Party - these meet more often than the Board in order to take up policy, programme and budgetary issues;
• Expert Meetings - the Commissions will convene expert meetings on selected topics in order to provide substantive and expert input for Commission policy discussions.

UNCTAD produces a number of topical reports, including:

• The Trade and Development Report [5]
• The Trade and Environment Review [6]
• The World Investment Report [7]
• The Economic Development in Africa Report [8]
• The Least Developed Countries Report [9]
• UNCTAD Statistics [10]
• The Information Economy Report [11]
• The Review of Maritime Transport [12]

UNCTAD also conducts various technical cooperation programmes [13] such as ASYCUDA, DMFAS, EMPRETEC and WAIPA.

In addition, UNCTAD conducts certain technical cooperation in collaboration with the World Trade Organization through the joint International Trade Centre (ITC), a technical cooperation agency targeting operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of trade development.

• UNCTAD home page
• International Trade Centre home page
• UNCTAD: Time to Lead (Focus on the Global South)
• Global Policy Forum - UNCTAD

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