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Urinalysis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Urine test)
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A urinalysis (or "UA") is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using urine dipsticks, in which the test results can be read as color changes.
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A typical medical urinalysis usually includes:
- a description of color and appearance
- specific gravity - This test detects ion concentration of the urine. Small amounts of protein or ketoacidosis tend to elevate results of the specific gravity.
- pH - the pH of healthy individuals ranges from around 4.8 to 7.5.
- ketone bodies
- protein
- urobilinogen
- bilirubin
- RBC number
- WBC number
- The hormone hCG: pregnancy may be checked for by screening a woman's urine for this. Home testing pregnancy tests have been developed for this purpose.
- Pyroluria
The numbers and types of cells and/or debris present can yield a great detail of information and may suggest a specific diagnosis.
- eosinophiluria - associated with allergic interstitial nephritis, atheroembolic disease
- RBC casts - associated with glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, malignant hypertension
- WBC casts - associated with acute interstitial nephritis, exudative glomerulonephritis, severe pyelonephritis
- (heme) granular casts - associated with acute tubular necrosis
- crystalluria -- associated with acute urate nephropathy (or "Acute uric acid nephropathy", AUAN)
- calcium oxalate - associated with ethylene glycol toxicity
- uroscopy, the ancient form of this analysis
- Medical technologist