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Uttara Kannada
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| ?ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ - Uttara Kannada Karnataka • India |
|
| Coordinates: (find coordinates) | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area | 10,250 km² (Expression error: Unrecognised punctuation character "," sq mi) |
| Headquarters | Karwar |
| Subdistrict | Ankola, Bhatkal, Haliyal, Honnavar, Joida, Karwar, Kumta, Mundgod, Siddapur, Sirsi, Yellapur |
| Deputy Commissioner | Ritesh Kumar |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle |
• 581xxx • ++ 91 (0838x) • KA-30,KA-31,KA-47 |
| Website: www.kar.nic.inzpkarwar/ | |
Uttara Kannada (Kannada ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is sometimes called North Canara, or North Kanara. It is bounded on the northwest by the state of Goa, on the north by Belgaum district, on the northeast by Dharwad District, on the east by Haveri District, on the southeast by Shimoga District, on the south by Udupi District, and on the west by the Arabian Sea. The district has an area of 10,291 km², and a population of 1,353,644 (of which 28.66% were urban as of 2001,[1] a 10.90% increase since the 1991 census. The town of Karwar is the administrative headquarters of the district.
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The main geographic feature of the district is the Western Ghats or Sahyadri range, which runs from north to south through the district. Between the Sahyadris and the sea is a narrow coastal strip, known as the Payanghat, which varies from 8 to 24 km in width. Behind the coastal plain are flat-topped hills from 60 to 100 meters in height, and behind the hills are the ridges and peaks of the Sahyadris. East of the Sahyadris is the Balaghat upland, part of the vast Deccan plateau.
Moisture-bearing winds come from the west, and yearly rainfall averages 3000 mm on the coast, and as high as 5000 mm on the west-facing slopes of the Sahyadris. East of the crest is the rain shadow of the Sahyadris, which receive as little as 1000 mm annually. Much of the rain falls in the June-September monsoon.
Four principal rivers drain westwards from the crest of the Sahyadris to the sea; from north to south they are the Kali, Gungawali, Aghanashini and Sharavati. These rivers form numerous waterfalls, the most famous of which is Jog falls, on upper reaches of the Sharavati in neighboring Shimoga district. Other famous waterfalls include Unchalli Falls, where the river Aghanashini drops 116 meters, Magod falls, where the Bedti river plunges 180 meters in two leaps, Shivganga falls, where the river Souda drops 74 meters, and Lalguli and Mailmane falls on the river Kali. In the lowlands, these rivers form wide estuaries, extending several kilometers inland from the coast.
The district's high rainfall supports lush forests, which cover approximately 70% of the district. The North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests cover the Sahyadris below 1000 meters elevation. Many trees lose their leaves in the drier months. In pockets above 1000 meters elevation lie the evergreen North Western Ghats mountain rain forests. Anshi National Park, near Dandeli, preserves approximately 250 km² of semi-evergreen forest, which is home to tiger, elusive black panther, leopard cat, gaur, Asian Elephant, sambar and a range of birds and reptiles. Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary protects 834 km² of semi-evergreen and bamboo forest in the watershed of the Kali river and its tributaries, the Kaneri and Nagajhari. The Wroughton free tailed bat is endemic to the forests of Bhimgad, a proposed wild life sanctuary. The district is also home to patches of savanna and degraded scrub jungles, which are often the result of over-use for logging or grazing. Much of the lowland has been cleared for agriculture. Mangrove forests can be found in the river estuaries, and the sandy beaches are home to groves of Calophyllum inophyllum, coconut and screw pine (Pandanus spp.). The rocky beaches at Binaga, Arga, Belekeri, Tadadi, Ankola Keni, Kadle, Kumta, Dhareshwar, Kasarkod, Murdeshwar, Bhatkal and Belke of the district are rich with marine fauna diversity. The rocky beaches of Uttara Kannada District harbours the invertebrates belonging to the Phylum Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and Echinodermata.
The chief crops of the district are rice and sugarcane, along with a great diversity of other crops. Tree crops include coconut, arecanut, cocoa, cashew, mango, banana, pineapple, Garcinia, and sapota; vegetables include onion, radish, cucumber, cauliflower, sweet potato, brinjal, and amaranth; spices include pepper, cardamom, ginger and nutmeg. Millet and cotton are grown in the drier portion of the district east of the Ghats.
In addition to agriculture, forestry and fisheries are also important.
The following major highways pass through the district:
- NH-17 Which connects Edappally near Ernakulam in Kerala and Panvel nearMumbai,
- NH-206 Which connects Honnavar and Bengaluru
- NH-63 Which connects Ankola and Hubli
The following Railways pass through the district:
- Konkan Railway Which connects Mangalore and Mumbai,
- Londa to 'Vasco Railway line which passes through 'Castle Rock'
- Casle Rock to Dandeli Railway line.
- Hubli -Ankolarailway line is proposed to link Karwar port and northern Karnataka.
There are 2 engineering college in the district i.e. 'Anjuman Engineering College' located at Bhatkal.Established in 1980 by 'Anjuman Hami-e Muslimeen' & VR DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY located @ haliyal .Both thecolleges are affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belgaum.
The chief language of the district is Kannada, with minorities of Konkani, Marathi, and Tulu speakers. The population is predominantly Hindu, comprising of many communities like Havyaka, Nadavas, Gowda Saraswat brahmins, Vokkaligas, Sherugars, Namdharis and Vanis.
Namdhari people form the major community of Uttara Kannada. They use Naik in their sur-name. Few people also use Nayak. However, all the people who have Naik or Nayak are not Namdharis, since few other communities also use these words with their names. Hence, Namdharis refer themselves as Namdhari Naik or Namdhari Nayak. Another major sect is Sherugars. They also use their sur name as Naik actually their sur name was Nayak that means Leader/Ruler. They are Rama Kshatriyas and called as Sherugar Naiks.
Nadavaras/Nadavaru have surnames by Naik/Nayak, Gaonkar, Kavari, Kuchinad, Torke and appear to be affiliated to the Nadavas and Bunts from South Kanara.The Nadavara is a well-educated, small Kshatriya community (Nadavara Samaj) with 30,000 people in Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, India. The Samaj boasts about its literacy rate of 99%, probably among the highest in India
Another major community is called the havyaka brahmins. They live mostly in taluks of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapura, Kumta, Honnavar. The havyaks use a dialect of kannada called havyaka Kannada and use as their surnames, 'Gadde', 'Desai','Hegde', 'Bhat', 'Rao', 'Joshi', 'Shastri', 'Gaokar', 'Hebbar' etc.
The vokkagilas in Uttara Kannada are mianly known as GramVokkaligas and have the surname Gowda/Gouda(In Honnavar,Siddapura,Sirsi) and Patgar/Patagar(In Kumta).
Muslims in the district are mainly Urdu speaking 'Dakhnis' and Nawayath,. Nawayaths live mostly in taluks of Bhatkal, and Honnavar. The Nawayaths use a dialect of konkani called Nawayathi which uses Persian script. Navayaths use as their surnames, muallim,muniri,'Syed Mohiddina', 'Manna',peshmam, 'Chadkhan', 'Sukri','Shahbandri','Kazia','Kadli','Siddiqa','Damda', 'Mohtesham', 'Kola','Ruknuddin','Faqqi Bhao' etc.
Attiveri bird sanctuary is home to 79 species of birds including migratory birds from 22 countries. Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for the elusive black panther among other animals like Gaur, Tiger and Leopards. The Kavala caves with their 5 ft. high natural Shiva linga , Synthery rocks is a 500 ft high rock flanked by natural caves and waterfalls, Vincholi rapids, Sykes point which offers a view of Kali river, and a suspension bridge are places worth visiting in this sanctuary. Yana is an enchanting place that can be reached by trekking about 10 km through lush forest. Yana is famous for its tall jagged rock formations and waterfalls. There is also a shrine of Bhairaveshvara here. Anshi National Park located some distance from Dandeli is undisturbed. Burude Falls is about 20 km from Siddapur , Unchalli Falls , Shivagangae, BeeneHolae Falls is about 25 km from Sirsi, Magod Falls and Sathodi Falls near Yellapura are some of the best natural falls in Uttara Kannada District. There are many dams in this district namely Supa Dam,Kodasalli Dam and Kadra Dam.
Utara Kannada district is famous for its Jain Basadi, Vijayanagar and Nayaka architecture. The Chaturmukha Basadi, Vardhamanaswamy Temple, Parshwanatheshwara Basadi at Gerusoppa,Chandranath Deva Basadi and 24 tirthankara's basadi at Hadavalli or Sangitapura , erotic sculptures of temples of Bhatkal are well known. Some well known temples at Bhatkal are the Parshwanatheshwara Basadi, Santappanaik Tirumala Temple, Virupaksha Narayan Temple, Bala Kini Raghunath Temple, Khetapai Narayan Temple, Ventakaraman Temple, Padmavati Devi Temple at Hadavalli. The Aryadurga Temple at Ankola, Partagaali Jivottam Mutt and Mahabaleshvara temple at Gokarna which is an important place of Vedic studies, Mahalasa Narayani Temple at Kumta, Ventakaraman Temple Honavara and Chitrapur Mutt, Mahaganapati Mahamaya Temple at Shirali and the Madhukeshvara and Veerabhadra temples at Banavasi and beach temple at Murdeshwara. Other important religious places are the Maarikamba Temple at Sirsi, Sahasra Linga about 15 km from Sirsi, Swarnavalli Math belonging to the Havyaka and Rama Kshatriya community, Sonde or Vadiraj Math of the Madhva community, the Shankar Math and Bhuvangiri temple near Siddapur.
Utara Kannada district was home to many sufi saints. The popular 'Dargahs' or graves of sufi saints are as follows:
- Hazrat Shansuddin awliya- Located in Sadashivgad
- Hazrat Makhdoom Faqeeh Ismail Sukri - Located at Bhatkal
- Hazrat Makhdoom Abu Mohammed- Located in Murudeshwara
- Hazrat Shah Nanga - Located at Bhatkal
Uttara Kannada was the home of the earliest Kannada kingdom, the Kadamba kingdom from the 350 - 525CE. They ruled from Banavasi. After the subjugation of the Kadambas by the Chalukyas, Uttara Kannada district came under successive rule of great Kannada empires like Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas and Vijayanagar empire.
Famous Arab traveller Ibn Battuta had stayed for a time in the district under the protection of Nawayath Sultan Jamal al-Din at a Hunnur. This place is presently known as Hosapattana and is located in the Honnavar taluka. Ruins of an old mosque and its minaret can still be seen in the village.
The district came under the rule of Maratha empire from around 1700 CE. to 1800 CE. and was ceded to the British at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818. The British established North Kanara district as initially as a part of Madras Presidency in 1859 CE. and later made it a part of Bombay Presidency in 1862 CE. After India's independence in 1947, Bombay Presidency was reconstituted as Bombay state. In 1956 the southern, Kannada-speaking portion of Bombay state was added to Mysore state, which was renamed Karnataka in 1972.
- [Dinakara Desai,Ankola,], Famaous Kannada Poet,noted Educationist who established Kanara Welfare Trust to promote Education particularly in rural area. Started Schools, high schools in remote areas of the district.
- Venkanna Nayak, Gonnehalli, Who did his Masters in Economics at Cambridge and Bar-At-Law at Oxford in 1903 and 1908 . He returned to India to become the first non-British Registrar of Industries of India and was also the Commissioner of Bijapur during the British Rule.
- SAPA Gaonkar, was a poet, scholar, teacher, officer, Samaj Sevak, Community servant, fought for Satyagrah and went to jail for the Satyagrah movement. Several writers including Gourish Kaikini, K.S. Patil, D.N. Raiker Mulki, Badekkil Krishna Bhat Bhadrawati, Ma. Ga. Sheltie, Amembal Anand, Kayyar Kiyyann Rai wrote about SAPA Gaonkar.SAPA Gaonkar served as a Deputy Minister at Mr. Kher's Government of Bombay-Karnataka
- N. G. Chandavarkar, Former Judge of Bombay High Court, Hindu Social reformer, Indian National Congress Leader.
- Dinakar Desai, Social reformer, educationist, politician.
- Ramakrishna Hegde, former chief minister of Karnataka
- Abdul Kadir Hafizka, Former ambassador to Saudi Arabia,former president of Bombay Pradesh Congress Committee.
- Siddiqua Mohammed Yahya, Former minister of Karnataka who held several portfolios like Finance, Higher Education, Ports, Industries, Power, Wakf.
- R.N. Shetty, industrialist
- J.H. Shamsuddin, Former Deputy Minister for electricity in Mysore State Assembly.
- R.V.Deshpande, Former minister of Karnataka who held portfolios of Medium & Large Scale Industries.
- Shivanand Naik, Cabinet minister of Karnataka for Small Scale Industries.
- Faisal Ahmed Armar Nadvi, Islamic scholar, Urdu & Arabic writer, first prize winner of essay competition on life of Prophet Mohammed organized by World Assembly of Muslim Youth
- Anant Nag, Kannada Film star
- Shankar Nag, Kannada Film star
- Amrita Rao, Bollywood Actress
- Zubair Kazi, Chairman of Kazi Foods Inc. California, world's second largest franchisee of KFC.
- Shamrao Vittal Kaikinikar, Famous Banker, The Shamrao Vittal Cooperative Bank is named after him.
- S M Syed Khaleelur Rahman, Chairman Bhatkal Media Publishing Society and first Chartered Accountant of Bhatkal. He is Rajyautsav award winner, which is biggest award of Karnataka. He is the Chairman of Indian Islamic Center, UAE along with many organizations.
Girish Karnad -
Kadambas of Banavasi http://www.zpkarwar.kar.nic.in/index.htm
SahilOnline daily News http://www.sahilonline.org/english http://www.sahilonline.org/urdu
Bhatkal is the most develop city in Uttara Kannada district, Anjuman Engineering college is the most popular institute in all over India. Most of the people either Muslims or Hindus are educated from Anjuman Arts Science and commerce college Bhatkal of this region.
A popular English and Urdu Online newspaper www.sahilonline.org is also published from Bhatkal town, which covers whole coastal news of Karnataka from Karwar up to Mangalore.
 State of Karnataka |
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|---|---|
| Topics | |
| History |
Aihole · Alupas · Amoghavarsha · Badami · Banavasi · Chalukyas · Chitradurga Nayaka · Gangas · Halmidi · Hampi · Hoysala Empire · Kadambas · Keladi Nayaka · Kittur Chennamma · Manyakheta · Pattadakal · Pulakesi II · Rashtrakutas · Srirangapatna · Tipu Sultan · Unification of Karnataka · Vijayanagara empire · Western Chalukyas · Mysore Kingdom |
| Geography |
Cities and towns · Districts · Rivers · Taluks · Villages · Bayaluseeme · Malenadu · Karavali · Western Ghats |
| Culture | |
| Literature | |
| Society | |
| People | |
| Tourism |
Beaches · Dams · Forts · National Parks · Temples · Waterfalls |
In this town the students are good in education,many of them join B.E.In this town the wellknowned college is Dr.A.V.Baliga college of Art's&Sci.the most of the students from this college went to good posts.In this town herawatta,kujalli,hegde,etc is very good village.