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Roman Kingdom 753 BC – 510 BC Roman Republic 510 BC – 27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC – 476 AD Principate Western Empire Dominate Eastern Empire

Ordinary Magistrates

Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor

Extraordinary Magistrates

Dictator Magister Equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri

Titles and Honors

Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Lictor Magister Militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex Maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch

Politics and Law

Roman Senate Cursus honorum Roman assemblies Collegiality Roman law Roman citizenship Auctoritas Imperium

Vicarius is a Latin word, meaning substitute or deputy. It is the root of the English word "vicar."

Originally, in ancient Rome, this was an equivalent to the English vice- (as in "deputy"), used as part of the title of various officials. Each vicarius was assigned to a specific superior official, after whom his full title was generally completed by a genitive (e.g. Vicarius Praetoris).

Later, during the later period of the Roman Empire known as the Dominate, a vicarius was the imperial deputy in charge of a group of Roman provinces called a diocese. The title was used without a genitive, simply as "vicarius". This position was introduced under Emperor Diocletian who reformed the Roman Empire, collegially, into the Tetrarchy. Among other changes, the eastern and western empires were each divided into two large praetorian prefectures. Each of the four prefectures was run by a Praetorian Prefect and contained several subdivisiones known as dioceses, which in turn were divided into provinces. The vicarius was the governor of a diocese, and was responsible for a number of provinces, each province with its own governor. The various prefectures, dioceses and provinces are listed systematically in their hierarchical groupings in the article Roman province.

According to the Notitia dignitatum (an early fifth century imperial chancery document), the Vicarius had the rank of Vir spectablis; the staff of a vicarius, called his officium, was rather similar to a gubernatorial officium. For example, in the diocese of Hispaniae, the people of his staff included:

• The Princeps (i.e. chief) of the scola agentum in rebus, from the salary class of the ducenari.
• A Cornicularius.
• Two Numerarii.
• A Commentariensis.
• An Adiutorem.
• An Ab actis.
• A Cura epistolarum.
• An unnamed number of Subadiuvae ('deputy assistants').
• Various Exceptores (lower clerks).
• Singulares et reliquum officium (various menial staff).

• Notitia dignitatum
• Pauly-Wissowa (in German)