From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

IPA – number	104 (135)
IPA – text	ʤ
IPA – image
Entity	dʒ
X-SAMPA	dZ
Kirshenbaum	dZ
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is [ʤ], and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is [dZ]. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are ǰ, ǧ, ǯ, and dž. It is familiar to English speakers as the j sound in jump.

Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is palato-alveolar, that is, domed (partially palatalized) postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the front of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the palate.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means it is produced while vibrating the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

The voiced postalveolar affricate occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter 'g' in giraffe, the letter 'j' in jump, and the dg digraph in judge.

• Albanian: xham [ʤam], "glass"
• Amharic: እንጀራ ənǧära [ɨnʤəra], "injera"
• Arabic: جدا [ʤɪdːæn], "very"
• Catalan: viatje [biˈaʤə], "journey"
• Croatian: džem [ʤɛ̝m], "jam"
• Chechen: джерво [ʤjerwo], "previously married woman"
• Coptic: ϫⲉ [ʤe], "that"
• Czech: léčba [lɛːʤba], "treatment"
• Faroese: gestir [ˈʤɛstɪɹ], "guests"
• French: jean [ʤin], "jeans"
• Georgian: ჯიბე [ʤibɛ], "pocket"
• Goemai: ǯaan [ʤaːn], "twins"
• Italian: gemma ['ʤɛmːa], "gem"
• Kabyle: lj̗iran [lʤiran], "the neighbors"
• Kyrgyz: жаман [ʤaman], "bad"
• Languedocien: jove [ˈʤube], "young"
• Macedonian: џемпер ['ʤɛmpɛr], "sweater"
• Manchu: juwe‎ [ʤuwe], "two"
• Persian: ﺎ‎ﺠ‎ﮐ‎ [koʤɒ], "where"
• Polish: dżem‎ [ʤem], "jam"
• Brazilian Portuguese: grande [gɾɐ̃ʤi ], "great"
• Provençal: genolh [ʤeˈnuj], "knee"
• Romanian: ger [ʤer], "frost"
• Campidanese Sardinian: géneru [ˈʤɛneru], "son-in-law"
• Scottish Gaelic: Dia [ʤia], "God"
• Slovak: džús [ʤuːs], "juice"
• Somali: joog [ʤoːg], "stop"
• Spanish: yo [ʤo], "I" (in some dialects)
• Turkish: yatırımcı [jatɯɾɯmʤɯ], "investor"
• Turkmen: jar [ʤar], "ravine"

• List of phonetics topics