Wharton's jelly

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Wharton's jelly is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, composed of cells that originate in the original egg and sperm of conception. It is largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). As a mucous tissue it protects and insulates umbilical blood vessels.

Wharton's jelly, when exposed to temperature changes, collapses structures within the umbilical cord and thus will provide a physiological clamping of the cord, an average of 5 minutes after birth. In some cases, such as in water birth with the cord immersed, the Wharton's jelly reaction will occur much later.

It is named for the English physician and anatomist Thomas Wharton (1614-1673) who first described it in his publication Adenographia, or "The Description of the Glands of the Entire Body", first published in 1656.

v • d • e
Human development of embryo and development of fetus (some dates are approximate - see Carnegie stages and a timeline)
Week 1 Zygote - Morula - Blastula (Blastomere) - Blastocyst - Inner cell mass
Week 2 Bilaminar disc (Hypoblast, Epiblast)
Week 3 (Trilaminar embryo,
germ layers)		 Archenteron/Primitive streak (Primitive pit, Primitive knot/Blastopore, Primitive groove) - Gastrula/Gastrulation

Ectoderm: Surface ectoderm - Neuroectoderm - Somatopleure

Endoderm: Splanchnopleure

Mesoderm: Chorda- - Paraxial (Somite/Somitomere/Sclerotome/Myotome/Dermatome) - Intermediate - Lateral plate (Intraembryonic coelom, Splanchnopleure/Somatopleure)
Extraembryonic/uterus Trophoblast (Cytotrophoblast, Syncytiotrophoblast)

Blastocoele - Yolk sack/exocoelomic cavity - Heuser's membrane - Extraembryonic coelom - Vitelline duct

Umbilical cord (Umbilical artery, Umbilical vein, Wharton's jelly) - Allantois

Placenta - Decidua (Decidual cells) - Chorionic villi/Intervillous space - Gestational sac (Amnion/Amniotic sac/Amniotic cavity, Chorion)
Histogenesis and organogenesis Limb development: Limb bud - Apical ectodermal ridge/AER
 This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton%27s_jelly"
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