From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William Brewster
William Brewster
Background information
Birth name	William Brewster
Born	c. 1560 in Scrooby, England
Died	10 April 1644 in Plymouth, Massachusetts

Elder William Brewster (c. 1566 - April 10, 1644), was a Pilgrim colonist leader and preacher who came from Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire and reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He is generally considered to be the most famous of the pilgrims. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne.

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Origins 1.2 Dissent 1.3 Emigration 1.4 Descendants 2 References 2.1 Specific references 2.2 General references 3 External links

He was the son of William Brewster and Mary Smyth and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster and Maud Mann. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Smyth. Brewster may have been born in Doncaster.

Scrooby Manor was in the possession of the Archbishops of York. Brewster's father, William senior, had been the estate bailiff for the archbishop for thirty-one years from around 1580. With this post went that of postmaster, which was a more important one than it might have been in a village not situated on the Great North Road, as Scrooby was then.

William Junior studied briefly at Peterhouse, Cambridge before entering the service of William Davidson in 1584. In 1585, Davidson went to the Netherlands to negotiate an alliance with the States-General. In 1586, Davidson was appointed assistant to Queen Elizabeth's Secretary of State Francis Walsingham, but in 1587 Davidson lost the favour of Elizabeth, after the beheading of her cousin (once removed) Mary, Queen of Scots.

Cambridge was a centre of thought concerning religious reformism, but Brewster's time in the Netherlands, in connection with Davidson's work, gave him opportunity to hear and see more of reformed religion. While, earlier in the sixteenth century, reformers had hoped to amend the Anglican church, by the end of it, many were looking toward splitting from it. (See Brownist).

On Davidson's disgrace, Brewster returned to Scrooby. There, from 1590 to 1607, he held the position of postmaster. As such he was responsible for the provision of stage horses for the mails, having previously, for a short time, assisted his father in that office. By the 1590s, Brewster's brother, James, was a rather rebellious Anglican priest, vicar of the parish of Sutton and Lound, in Nottinghamshire. From 1594, it fell to James to appoint curates to Scrooby church so that Brewster, James and leading members of the Scrooby congregation were brought before the ecclesiastical court for their dissent. They were set on a path of separation from the Anglican Church. From about 1602, Scrooby Manor, Brewster's home, became a meeting place for the dissenting Puritans. In 1606, they formed the Separatist Church of Scrooby.

Restrictions and pressures applied by the authorities convinced the congregation of a need to emigrate to the more sympathetic atmosphere of Holland, but leaving England without permission was illegal at the time, so that departure was a complex matter. On its first attempt, in 1607, the group was arrested at Scotia Creek, but in 1608 Brewster and others were successful in leaving from The Humber. In 1609, he was selected as ruling elder of the congregation.

Initially, the Pilgrams settled in Amersterdam, and worshipped with the Ancient Church of Francis Johsonson and Henry Ainsworth. Offput by the bickering between the two, though (which ultimately resulted in a division of the Church]], the Pilgrams left Amsterdam and moved to Leiden, after only a year.

In Leiden, the group managed to make a living. Brewster taught English and later, in 1616-1619, printed and published religious books for sale in England though they were proscribed there, as the partner of one Thomas Brewer. In 1619, the printing type was seized by the authorities under pressure from the English ambassador Sir Dudley Carleton and Brewster's partner was arrested. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Robert Cushman, obtained a land patent from the London Virginia Company on behalf of himself and his colleagues.

In 1620 he joined the first group of Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower on the voyage to North America. When the colonists landed at Plymouth, Brewster became the senior elder of the colony, serving as its religious leader and as an advisor to Governor William Bradford.

As the only university educated member of the colony, Brewster took the part of the colony's religious leader until a pastor, Ralph Smith, arrived in 1629. Thereafter, he continued to preach irregularly until his death in April 1644.

Brewster was granted land amongst the islands of Boston Harbor, and four of the outer islands (Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster) now bear his name.^[1][2]

William Brewster married Mary (whose maiden name is unknown) there is some speculation as to her maiden name, with the most common being Love or Wentworth. The children of William and Mary were:

• Elder Jonathan Brewster (August 12, 1593 - August 7, 1659) married Lucretia Oldham of Derby, 8 children.
• Patience Brewster (c. 1600 - December 12, 1634) married Thomas Prence of Lechlade, Gloucestershire, 4 children
• Fear Brewster (c. 1606 - before 1634) so called because she was born at the height of the puritans persecution. Married Isaac Allerton of London, 2 children.
• Un named son (born and died 1609)
• Love Brewster (c. 1611 - c. 1650) came over on the Mayflower married Sarah Collier of London, 4 children
• Wrestling Brewster (c. 1614 - between 1627 and 1644)

There are many notable descendants of William Brewster, including Zachary Taylor, Cokie Roberts, Roger Nash Baldwin, Katharine Hepburn, Bing Crosby, Brewster Shaw, Lyndon LaRouche, George B. McClellan, Julia Child, Richard Gere, Nelson Rockefeller, Norman Rockwell, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Chevy Chase, Ted Danson, Howard Dean, Seth MacFarlane, Charles G. Dawes, Bill Richardson, John Foster Dulles, Archibald MacLeish, David Souter, Adlai Stevenson III, Jan Masaryk, Sarah Cochrane, Daniel Richards, Alexa Johnson, and Benjamin C Bradlee.

1. ^ Calf Island Factsheet. Boston Harbor Islands Partnership. Retrieved on August 11, 2006.
2. ^ Islands You Can Visit - Great Brewster Island. Boston Harbor Islands Partnership. Retrieved on August 3, 2006.

1. Dowsing, J. Places of the Pilgrim Fathers Sunrise Press, London.
2. Encyclopædia Britannica. (1960)
3. This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

See Ashbel Steele's Chief of the Pilgrims; or the Life and Time of William Brewster (Philadelphia, 1857); and a sketch in William Bradford's History of the Plimouth Plantation (new ed., Boston, 1898).

• The Elder William Brewster Society, A Pilgrim Lineage Society