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William Courtenay
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| William Courtenay | |
|---|---|
|
Archbishop of Canterbury |
|
| Enthroned | July 30, 1381 |
| Ended | July 31, 1396 |
| Predecessor | Simon Sudbury |
| Successor | Thomas Arundel |
| Died | July 31, 1396 |
| Buried | Canterbury Cathedral |
William Courtenay (c. 1342 – July 31, 1396), English prelate, was Archbishop of Canterbury, having previously been Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London.
Contents |
He was a younger son of Hugh de Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (d. 1377), and through his mother Margaret, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, was a great-grandson of Edward I.
Being a native of the west of England he was educated at Stapledon Hall, Oxford, and after graduating in law was chosen chancellor of the university in 1367. Courtenay's ecclesiastical and political career began about the same time. Having been made prebendary of Exeter, of Wells and of York, he was consecrated bishop of Hereford on March 17, 1370,[1] was translated to the see of London on September 12, 1375,[2] and became Archbishop of Canterbury on July 30, 1381, succeeding Simon of Sudbury in both these latter positions.[3]
As a politician the period of his activity coincides with the years of Edward III’s dotage, and with practically the whole of Richard II's reign. From the first he ranged himself among the opponents of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster; he was a firm upholder of the rights of the English Church, and was always eager to root out Lollardry. In 1373 he declared in convocation that he would not contribute to a subsidy until the evils from which the church suffered were removed; in 1375 he incurred the displeasure of the king by publishing a papal bull against the Florentines; and in 1377 his decided action during the quarrel between John of Gaunt and William of Wykeham ended in a temporary triumph for the bishop.
Wycliffe was another cause of difference between Lancaster and Courtenay. In 1377 the reformer appeared before Archbishop Sudbury and Courtenay, when an altercation between the duke and the bishop led to the dispersal of the court, and during the ensuing riot Lancaster probably owed his safety to the good offices of his foe. Having meanwhile become archbishop of Canterbury Courtenay summoned a synod, in London, the so-called "Earthquake Synod," which condemned the opinions of Wycliffe; he then attacked the Lollards at Oxford, and urged the bishops to imprison heretics.
He was for a short time chancellor of England during 1381,[4] and in January of 1382 he officiated at the marriage of Richard II with Anne of Bohemia, afterwards crowning the queen. In 1382 the archbishop’s visitation led to disputes with the bishops of Exeter and Salisbury, and Courtenay was only partially able to enforce the payment of a special tax to meet his expenses on this occasion. During his concluding years the archbishop appears to have upheld the papal authority in England, although not to the injury of the English Church.
He protested against the confirmation of the statute of provisors in 1390, and he was successful in slightly modifying the statute of praemunire in 1393. Disliking the extravagance of Richard II he publicly reproved the king, and after an angry scene the royal threats drove him for a time into Devon. In 1386 he was one of the commissioners appointed to reform the kingdom and the royal household, and in 1387 he arranged a peace between Richard and his enemies under Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester. Courtenay died at Maidstone on July 31, 1396,[3] and was buried towards the east end of the choir in Canterbury cathedral.
- List of the Bishops of the Diocese of Hereford, England and its precursor offices
- List of Lord Chancellors and Lord Keepers
- Hook, Walter Farquhar, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. iv. (London, 1860—1876)
- Powicke, F. Maurice and E. B. Fryde Handbook of British Chronology 2nd. ed. London:Royal Historical Society 1961
- Stubbs, William, Constitutional History, vols. ii. and iii. (Oxford, 1895—1896).
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by 'Hugh Segrave (Keeper of the Great Seal)' |
Lord Chancellor 1381 |
Succeeded by The Lord Scrope of Bolton |
| Catholic Church titles | ||
| Preceded by Lewis de Charleton |
Bishop of Hereford 1370–1375 |
Succeeded by John Gilbert |
| Preceded by Simon Sudbury |
Bishop of London 1375–1381 |
Succeeded by Robert Braybrooke |
| Preceded by Simon Sudbury |
Archbishop of Canterbury 1381–1396 |
Succeeded by Thomas Arundel |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by Adam de Toneworth |
Chancellor of the University of Oxford 1367–1369 |
Succeeded by Adam de Toneworth |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Courtenay, William |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Bishop of London; Bishop of Hereford; Lord Chancellor; Archbishop of Canterbury |
| DATE OF BIRTH | |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 31, 1396 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Maidstone |
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.