From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Youth activism is best summarized as youth voice engaged in community organizing for social change. Around the world young people are engaged as activism planners, researchers, teachers, evaluators, decision-makers, advocates and leading actors in the environmental movement, social justice organizations, and anti-racism and anti-homophobia campaigns. As the central beneficiaries of public schools, youth are also advocating for student-led school change through student activism and meaningful student involvement.

Contents 1 Forms 2 In the United States 2.1 Important individuals in U.S. youth activism 3 See also 4 See also current examples 5 List of historical examples 6 Related links to examples 7 External links

There are three main forms of youth activism. The first is youth involvement in social activism. This is the predominant form of youth activism today, as millions of young people around the world participate in social activism that is organized, informed, led, and assessed by adults. Many efforts, including education reform, children's rights, and government reform call on youth to participate this way, often called youth voice. Youth councils are an example of this.

The second type is youth-driven activism requires young people to be the primary movers within an adult-led movement. Such is the case with the Sierra Club, where youth compel their peers to join and become active in the environmental movement. This is also true of many organizations that were founded by youth who became adults, such as SEAC, National Youth Rights Association, Global Youth Action Network, and Free the Children. Such is also the case with the European Youth Union.

The third type is the increasingly common youth-led community organizing. This title encompasses action which is conceived of, designed, enacted, challenged, redesigned, and driven entirely by young people. There is no international movement that is entirely led by youth. A number of local or mission-driven initiatives serve as examples, including Ignite, addressing tobacco use; Seattle Young Peoples Project, lcoated in Seattle; and Article 12, working for youth involvement in Scotland.

Youth activism as a social phenomenon in the United States truly became defined in the mid- to late-nineteenth century when young people began forming labor strikes in response to their working conditions, wages, and hours. Child laborers in the coal mines of Appalachia began this trend, with newspaper carriers, soon following. These actions isolated youths' interests in the popular media of the times, and separated young people from their contemporary adult labor counterparts.

This separation continued through the 1930s, when the American Youth Congress presented a "Bill of Youth Rights" to the US Congress. Their actions were indicative of a growing student movement present throughout the US from the 1920s through the early 1940s. The 1950s saw the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee bring young people into larger movements for civil rights. This led to the outbreak of youth activism in the 1960s.

Another example of youth activism is seen in the anti-globalization movement, which is made up largely of young people. A small group of youthful anarchists gained international attention during the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 when, in a formation known as a black bloc, they smashed windows of multinational corporations and clashed with police. Recently community organizations such as Children's Defense Fund, National Youth Rights Association, The Freechild Project, Sierra Club, Choice USA have supported this call, providing training, resources, and other support.

Mother Jones organized the first youth activism in the U.S., marching 100,000 child miners from the coal mines of Pennsylvania to the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. in 1908. In 1959, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. engaged youth activists in protesting against Bull Connor's racist law enforcement practices in Birmingham, Alabama. Coupled with the youth activism of Tom Hayden, Keith Hefner and other 1960s youth, this laid a powerful precedent for modern youth activism. John Holt, Myles Horton and Paulo Freire were each important in this period.

In recent years, scholars such as the Paulo Freire, Henry Giroux, Howard Zinn, Alfie Kohn, and Jonathan Kozol have all called for young people to become central actors in the guidance of schools and communities. Modern advocates have included Aaron Keider, William Upski Wimsatt and Adam Fletcher.

• Youth voice
• Youth movements
• Student activism
• Youth empowerment
• Community youth development
• Teaching for social justice

• Collegiate Forum
• Youth Activism Project
• The Freechild Project

• American Youth Congress
• Students for a Democratic Society
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
• The Newsboys Strike
• Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor

• Examples of Youth-Led Social Activism
• Inner-City Struggle
• Collegiate Forum, the first international student policy center
• National Youth Rights Association
• Sierra Student Coalition - The youth-led arm of the Sierra Club in the United States
• Sierra Youth Coalition - The youth-led arm of the Sierra Club of Canada
• Community Coalition (South Los Angeles)
• Progressive U
• The Roosevelt Institution, a network of student think tanks
• North Carolina Lambda Youth Network
• Youth Innovation Fund

• Guide to Social Change Led By and With Young People
• STIR! Young Activists fighting global poverty and injustice Youth Initiative of World Vision Australia
• ACTivist Magazine
• Young Communist League
• At The Table Initiative
• Publications on Youth Activism
• CampusActivism
• Choice USA
• Activism in the Midwest
• General College Truth Movement
• University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam Era Ephemera This collection contains leaflets and newspapers that were distributed on the University of Washington campus during the decades of the 1960s and 1970s. They reflect the social environment and political activities of the youth movement in Seattle during that period.
• SoundOut Student Activism Map - Activism led by young people focused on changing schools and the public education system.
• The YesYesNowNow.com "List" — A look at young people doing inspirational things around the world. Showing that youth culture can be a positive thing.
• thewacnet.com
• Student Activism Map - K-12 students changing schools in the U.S.
• Hate school? Do something! - How you can make a difference to other students who hate school.